Post 5 Reply Example

Post 5 Reply Example Post 5 Reply – Coursework Example The respiratory system The respiratory system is one of the major systems of the human body. Any malfunction in the system leads to a wide range of disarray in the normal functioning of other body organs. In case of an infection or asthmatic attack that impairs the normal flow of oxygen in and waste product out of the system, there is likelihood of somebody developing hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis which affects a number of body systems. At the same time the heart is overworked in the bid to compensate for the oxygen demands in other parts of the body as a result. Normal metabolism of the cells is affected owing to the fact they are deprived of oxygen, which remains vital in maintaining the basal metabolic rate.Moreover, through the respiratory system one can inhale aerosols that are harmful to the human cells and other systems at large. Some of the chemical gases can cause in ulceration to the mucosal membrane of the respiratory system while others affect organs like the kidney which cleanings the human blood. At the same time, respiratory system acts as a passage through which a number of microorganisms enter into the body, hence causing a number of infections to the system. Some of the infections affecting the respiratory system sometimes might spread further into other organs for instance tuberculosis (Cohn and Reinero, 850). Infection to the lungs too can affect a whole range of the respiratory function. The lungs are necessary for the exchange of gases by exchanging carbon dioxide form deoxygenated blood with oxygen from the atmosphere. Thus the respiratory system plays a vital role in the existence of the human beings which has to be maintained functional at the optimal possible standards.Works cited Cohn, Leah A., and Carol R. Reinero. â€Å"Respiratory Defenses in Health and Disease.† Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice 2007: 845–860. Web.

Hallstatt Culture - Early European Iron Age Culture

Hallstatt Culture - Early European Iron Age Culture The Hallstatt Culture (~800-450 BC) is what archaeologists call the early Iron Age groups of central Europe. These groups were truly independent of one another, politically, but they were interconnected by a vast, extant trading network such that the material culturetools, kitchenware, housing style, farming techniqueswere similar across the region. Hallstatt Culture Roots At the end of the Urnfield stage of the Late Bronze Age, ca. 800 BC, the central Europeans were mostly farmers (herding and growing crops). The Hallstatt culture included an area between central France to western Hungary and from the Alps to central Poland. The term includes many different unrelated regional groups, who used the same set of material culture because of a strong network of trade and exchange. By 600 BC, iron tools spread into northern Britain and Scandinavia; elites concentrated in western and central Europe. The Hallstatt elites became concentrated within a zone between what is now the Burgundy region of eastern France and southern Germany. These elites were powerful and located in at least 16 hillforts called seats of power or fà ¼rstensitz. Hallstatt Culture and Hillforts Hillforts such as Heuneburg, Hohenasberg, Wurzburg, Breisach, Vix, Hochdorf, Camp de Chassey and Mont Lassois have substantial fortifications in the form of bank-and-ditch defense. At least tenuous connections with the Mediterranean Greek and Etruscan civilizations are in evidence at the hillforts and some non-hillfort settlements. Burials were stratified with a few extremely richly outfitted chamber graves surrounded by up to a hundred or so secondary burials. Two dated to the Hallstatt which contain clear connections with Mediterranean imports are Vix (France), where an elite female burial contained a huge Greek krater; and Hochdorf (Germany), with three gold-mounted drinking horns and a large Greek cauldron for mead. Hallstatt elites clearly had a taste for Mediterranean wines, with numerous amphorae from Massalia (Marseille), bronze vessels and Attic pottery recovered from many fà ¼rstensitze. One distinctive trait of Hallstatt elite sites was vehicle burials. Bodies were placed in a timber-lined pit along with the ceremonial four-wheeled vehicle and the horse gearbut not the horsesthat were used to move the body to the grave. The carts often had elaborate iron wheels with multiple spokes and iron studs. Read more about hillforts Read more about Heuneburg Sources Bujnal J. 1991. Approach to the study of the Late Hallstatt and Early La Tà ¨ne periods in eastern parts of Central Europe: results from ​comparative classification of Knickwandschale. Antiquity 65:368-375. Cunliffe B. 2008. The Three Hundred Years that Changed the World: 800-500 BC. Chapter 9 in Europe Between the Oceans. Themes and Variations: 9000 BC-AD 1000. New Haven: Yale University Press. p, 270-316 Marciniak A. 2008. Europe, Central and Eastern. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 1199-1210. Wells PS. 2008. Europe, Northern and Western: Iron Age. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. London: Elsevier Inc. p 1230-1240.